ADENOVIRUS HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE IN DEER
AVIAN INFLUENZA
AVIAN MYCOPLASMOSIS
AVIAN SALMONELLOSIS
BATS AND RABIES
CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS
DISTEMPER
HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS
HISTOPLASMOSIS
LEAD POISONING
LYME DISEASE
RABIES
RABBIT HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE
RANAVIRUS
SALAMANDER CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS
SARCOPTIC MANGE
SNAKE FUNGAL DISEASE
TULAREMIA
WEST NILE VIRUS
WHIRLING DISEASE
WINTER TICK
ABOUT THE CWHC
HEALTH INTELLIGENCE
NORTHERN ISSUES
ABOUT BATS
THE WILD BOAR
ZOONOSES
BACKYARD BIRDS
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
BATS ASTRAY
CMHO/CVO Update: Wildlife Health as Sentinels of Community Vulnerability to Climate Change
CMHO/CVO Update: Are Environmental Changes Driving Fungal Disease Emergence?
CMHO/CVO Update: Healthy Abundant Wildlife - A foundation for Northern & Rural Food Security
CMHO/CVO Update: Lead Exposure Through Ammunition and Weights Used in Hunting and Fishing
Wildlife Health: A Snapshot On Climate Change Impact on Seafood Safety
Wildlife Health: A Snapshot On Urban Planning and Vector-Borne Diseases
Wildlife Health: A Snapshot On Surprise Preparedness: If we Can't Predict, Why Pay Attention to Nature?
Wildlife Health: Tracking changing avian influenza risk over time
Wildlife Health: A Snapshot On Permafrost thawing and the risk of emerging infections
Wildlife Health: A Snapshot On Echinococcus multilocularis - Changing epidemiology warrants attention
Wildlife health and SARS-CoV-2: Handling Guidelines (Version 2)Espèces sauvages et SRAS-CoV-2: Lignes directrices sur la manipulation (Version 2)
Guidelines for the Euthanasia and Humane Killing of Migratory Birds in Canada, Under Damage or Danger or Avicultural Permits
Safety Manual for Harvesters of Fish and Wildlife in Nunavut
Safety Manual for Harvesters of Fish and Wildlife in Nunavut: Supplemental Information on Disease
Safety Manual for Harvesters of Fish and Wildlife in Nunavut:An Educational Presentation
Field Guide to Diseases and Parasites of Marine Mammals of the Eastern Canadian Arctic
Wildlife Disease Investigation Manual (3rd Edition)
Investigation des Maladies de la Faune: Manuel d´Intervention (2ième édition)
Canadian Directory of Expertise in Wildlife Health (2nd Edition)
Capturing and Handling of Wildlife: Approaches to Reducing Stress
Wildlife Toxicology
Management and Intervention in Diseases of Wild Animals
Moving Wild Animals: Health and Environmental Issues, Assessing Risks and Benefits
Waterfowl Diseases and Wetland Management
Health and Disease in Wild Freshwater Fish
Health Risks to Wildlife Personnel: Hazards from Disease-Causing Agents
Faune et Zoonoses
Surveillance of Wild Animal Diseases in Europe
CANADIAN NATIONAL WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME DECONTAMINATION PROTOCOL FOR ENTERING BAT HIBERNACULA
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WNS DECONTAMINATION DURING SUMMER ACTIVITIES
DECONTAMINATION PROTOCOL FOR FIELD WORK WITH AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN CANADA
Canadian National White-nose Decontamination ProtocolProtocole national de décontamination pour le syndrome du museau blanc
REDUCE SPREAD OF DISEASE AMONG BACKYARD BIRDS
REDUCE BIRD-WINDOW COLLISIONS
REDUCE WILDLIFE COLLISIONS
TOLL-FREE BAT NUMBER
PREVENT AND CONTROL BIRD-FEEDER ASSOCIATED THREATS
WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME IMPACTING BATS IN CANADA
Welcome to the first manual of “Case Definitions for Wildlife Diseases,” a “living” electronic publication. The plan is to add and update this manual’s case definitions periodically as warranted; thus, this manual will never be completed, and readers should download the latest versions of specific chapters (that is, definitions) when available. Constructive suggestions from readers are welcome and will help guide adjustments as this project progresses.
The purpose of this manual is to provide case definitions for selected diseases of importance to wildlife in Canada and the United States. Case definitions provide standard sets of criteria for classifying the degree of certainty of a particular diagnosis and help improve surveillance data quality and comparability. Better data and standardization allow for improved data sharing, which increases geographic and species surveillance coverage and permits more robust analyses.
The definitions included in this manual have been developed by veterinary pathologists, epidemiologists, and wildlife biologists primarily from the U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) and Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC). Pathologists from each organization reviewed and finalized the definitions. Each case definition has been peer reviewed by two scientific experts before publication.
This manual begins with the case definition template. This generic template includes four sections: “Individual, Place, and Time Criteria for Diagnosis and Testing,” “Field Criteria for Diagnosis,” “Laboratory Criteria for Diagnosis,” and “Epidemiological Linkage Criteria for Diagnosis” and can be used to guide development of new case definitions. Information in each section is then combined to provide an overall case classification. Disease diagnoses are classified as “Confirmed,” “Presumptive,” or “Suspected;” and evidence of a pathogen or toxin is classified as “Exposed” or “Present/Detected.” Each subsequent chapter is then a case definition for a specific disease of wildlife, and infectious and non-infectious diseases are included.